Linux LVM + VMware,可能出现的问题与措施
如题所示的场景出现在工作中的一次扩容操作的事件中,现在,在自己的环境中重演整个过程,并列出解决这些问题可能的一种解决方法。
背景说明:
在本文的环境中,LVM的PV的创建是通过类似“pvcreate /dev/sdc”的方式,将整个磁盘直接化成了PV,而不是先分区,再做PV。所以,这也是导致后面fdisk看到的磁盘空间与pvdisplay看到的PV大小不一致时,不太好处理的原因,没办法通过新建分区的方式,将磁盘扩展的那部分空间用起来。
在对LVM进行扩容的时候(当前的PV/VG,空间都不够用,需要物理上扩大容量),如果你使用的是VMware虚拟化技术构建的服务器,那么你将面临两种选择:
1. 新增一块新的虚拟磁盘文件(或者设备)
2. 在原有的虚拟磁盘文件上执行“扩展”,如下:
(图一)
当前我的虚拟机是RUNNING的,所以,上面的按钮都是灰色的。
如果你是新增的一块新的磁盘设备,那么LVM的扩容没什么好说的,根以前的操作一样。
如果不清楚,可以查看我的这篇文档的记录:http://d-prototype.com/archives/1249
本文的重点在于,你选择的如果是在原有磁盘设备上“扩展”你将面临一个很尴尬的选择:磁盘设备的容量上去了,但是PV并没有变化,也不能删了PV重建,因为PV里面是有数据的。
具体的情况在下面的过程中,会特别指出来。
下面开始:
——————————————
先看看扩容前我的系统的情况:
磁盘大小,在“图一”中已经看到了,我的目标磁盘是“硬盘 3”,在执行扩容前,当前的大小为:5 GB。
看看Linux系统中的状态:
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_root 50G 17G 30G 37% / tmpfs 931M 72K 931M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 34M 419M 8% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_home 5.4G 12M 5.1G 1% /home /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc 3.4G 7.0M 3.3G 1% /mnt_lvm [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_home on /home type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) vmware-vmblock on /var/run/vmblock-fuse type fuse.vmware-vmblock (rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other) sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw) nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw) /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc on /mnt_lvm type ext4 (rw) [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 7832 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056482 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary. /dev/sda2 64 7833 62401536 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x632a5a3b Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 5221 41937651 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_swap: 4194 MB, 4194304000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 509 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc: 3758 MB, 3758096384 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 456 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_home: 6014 MB, 6014631936 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 731 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol PV Size 5.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1279 Free PE 383 Allocated PE 896 PV UUID dXUBk0-2YFK-DRgq-pzp2-Rijb-LFS5-RGrGxT --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_cobblerserver PV Size 59.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 15234 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 15234 PV UUID HTt5Rv-mRgk-mOPD-1CpT-9csa-AuX5-7Eqqxi [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_cloudcontrol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 5.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1279 Alloc PE / Size 896 / 3.50 GiB Free PE / Size 383 / 1.50 GiB VG UUID iMCVCA-8DpY-ffXb-40sd-Rnj7-xa7c-EYotEo --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_cobblerserver System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 59.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 15234 Alloc PE / Size 15234 / 59.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID Dto2QH-gTNN-MUQM-APUm-3I6m-YMcx-EUfq3w [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc LV Name lv_cc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol LV UUID gDPupO-AHSF-2aGY-W1C2-LSj0-s5PH-OVdYIZ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-05-25 23:50:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 3.50 GiB Current LE 896 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_root LV Name lv_root VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID Xvvhch-ulbP-5etN-0a9O-Y5FM-xYOc-Sa6cd4 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:18:58 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_home LV Name lv_home VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID wmxkR4-C8gG-oXtb-wkwQ-cmRw-F9XG-FKeMAt LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:19:02 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.60 GiB Current LE 1434 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:3 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID rt3b8F-hbfw-ywnY-DM62-ict0-szT8-IPuviW LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:19:03 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 3.91 GiB Current LE 1000 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 [root@cobbler-server ~]# |
可以看到:
虚拟机硬件的“硬盘 3”,在Linux中被识别为“/dev/sdc”。
我们将它做成了PV,并利用该PV,制作了逻辑卷组:vg_cloudcontrol。
我们在卷组“vg_cloudcontrol”下创建了逻辑卷:/dev/vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc
并将逻辑卷“/dev/vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc”格式化成了ext4文件系统,挂载在:/mnt_lvm。
挂载点“/mnt_lvm”当前的最大空间为:3.4 G。
我的目标是:将其最大空间,扩展到:5.4 G。
首先,关闭虚拟机,对磁盘文件做扩容,而不是新增一个新的磁盘文件。
如上,扩容成功后,启动虚拟机。
然后,进入Linux系统,查看并继续接下来的操作:
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 7516 MB, 7516192768 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 913 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol PV Size 5.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1279 Free PE 383 Allocated PE 896 PV UUID dXUBk0-2YFK-DRgq-pzp2-Rijb-LFS5-RGrGxT --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_cobblerserver PV Size 59.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 15234 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 15234 PV UUID HTt5Rv-mRgk-mOPD-1CpT-9csa-AuX5-7Eqqxi [root@cobbler-server ~]# |
如上,这里可以看到:
1. /dev/sdc的空间已经上去了,扩展到了:7516 MB。
2. 但是PV,却没有变化,还是:5.00 GiB。
这就是我文首处提到的尴尬了。
1. 你如果选择删除PV – /dev/sdc,然后重新执行pvcreate,那么PV – /dev/sdc的容量肯定会扩上去,但是以前PV上的数据就没了。
2. PV相关的操作中,是没有VG或者LV那样,类似vgextend或lvextend的命令的,并没有一个命令是:pvextend。
如下:
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# pv pvchange pvcreate pvmove pvresize pvscan pvck pvdisplay pvremove pvs pv.sh [root@cobbler-server ~]# pv |
解决这个问题,需要用到的命令是pvresize。
具体解决方法如下:
1. 重新刷新当前PV的大小:
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol PV Size 5.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1279 Free PE 383 Allocated PE 896 PV UUID dXUBk0-2YFK-DRgq-pzp2-Rijb-LFS5-RGrGxT --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_cobblerserver PV Size 59.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 15234 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 15234 PV UUID HTt5Rv-mRgk-mOPD-1CpT-9csa-AuX5-7Eqqxi [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# pvresize /dev/sdc Physical volume "/dev/sdc" changed 1 physical volume(s) resized / 0 physical volume(s) not resized [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol PV Size 7.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1791 Free PE 895 Allocated PE 896 PV UUID dXUBk0-2YFK-DRgq-pzp2-Rijb-LFS5-RGrGxT --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name vg_cobblerserver PV Size 59.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes (but full) PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 15234 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 15234 PV UUID HTt5Rv-mRgk-mOPD-1CpT-9csa-AuX5-7Eqqxi [root@cobbler-server ~]# |
可以看到,PV没有经过删除操作,现在也识别到了全部的/dev/sdc的空间。
2. pvresize成功后,vgdisplay是可以看到与pv相关联的vg的空间被自动的扩展了。
如下:
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_cloudcontrol System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 7.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 1791 Alloc PE / Size 896 / 3.50 GiB Free PE / Size 895 / 3.50 GiB VG UUID iMCVCA-8DpY-ffXb-40sd-Rnj7-xa7c-EYotEo --- Volume group --- VG Name vg_cobblerserver System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 59.51 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 15234 Alloc PE / Size 15234 / 59.51 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID Dto2QH-gTNN-MUQM-APUm-3I6m-YMcx-EUfq3w [root@cobbler-server ~]# |
3. 然后,就可以像普通的LVM扩展那样,开始扩容LV了。
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc LV Name lv_cc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol LV UUID gDPupO-AHSF-2aGY-W1C2-LSj0-s5PH-OVdYIZ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-05-25 23:50:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 3.50 GiB Current LE 896 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_root LV Name lv_root VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID Xvvhch-ulbP-5etN-0a9O-Y5FM-xYOc-Sa6cd4 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:18:58 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_home LV Name lv_home VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID wmxkR4-C8gG-oXtb-wkwQ-cmRw-F9XG-FKeMAt LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:19:02 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.60 GiB Current LE 1434 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:3 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID rt3b8F-hbfw-ywnY-DM62-ict0-szT8-IPuviW LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:19:03 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 3.91 GiB Current LE 1000 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# lvextend -L +2G /dev/vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc Size of logical volume vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc changed from 3.50 GiB (896 extents) to 5.50 GiB (1408 extents). Logical volume lv_cc successfully resized [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cloudcontrol/lv_cc LV Name lv_cc VG Name vg_cloudcontrol LV UUID gDPupO-AHSF-2aGY-W1C2-LSj0-s5PH-OVdYIZ LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-05-25 23:50:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 5.50 GiB Current LE 1408 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_root LV Name lv_root VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID Xvvhch-ulbP-5etN-0a9O-Y5FM-xYOc-Sa6cd4 LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:18:58 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_home LV Name lv_home VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID wmxkR4-C8gG-oXtb-wkwQ-cmRw-F9XG-FKeMAt LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:19:02 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.60 GiB Current LE 1434 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:3 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/vg_cobblerserver/lv_swap LV Name lv_swap VG Name vg_cobblerserver LV UUID rt3b8F-hbfw-ywnY-DM62-ict0-szT8-IPuviW LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time cobbler-server, 2016-03-08 18:19:03 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 3.91 GiB Current LE 1000 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:1 [root@cobbler-server ~]# |
4. 最后,让LV的空间扩容在文件系统上生效:
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_root 50G 17G 30G 37% / tmpfs 931M 72K 931M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 34M 419M 8% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_home 5.4G 12M 5.1G 1% /home /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc 3.4G 7.0M 3.3G 1% /mnt_lvm [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc is mounted on /mnt_lvm; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc to 1441792 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc is now 1441792 blocks long. [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_root 50G 17G 30G 37% / tmpfs 931M 72K 931M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 34M 419M 8% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_home 5.4G 12M 5.1G 1% /home /dev/mapper/vg_cloudcontrol-lv_cc 5.4G 7.0M 5.1G 1% /mnt_lvm [root@cobbler-server ~]# |
至此,LVM的扩容就完成了。
2016年5月26日09:06:49