Python：Network（example coding）+ FTP
本文会涉及到两个服务器：
1. FTP server：vsftpd。
192.168.232.142
2. Python Client。
192.168.232.145
用极简的方式搭建一个初步的FTP服务：
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[root@cobbler-server ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_root 50G 17G 30G 37% / tmpfs 931M 72K 931M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 34M 419M 8% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_cobblerserver-lv_home 5.4G 12M 5.1G 1% /home [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /iso mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. HighAvailability | 4.1 kB 00:00 ... HighAvailability/primary_db | 44 kB 00:00 ... ISO | 4.1 kB 00:00 ... ISO/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00 ... LoadBalancer | 4.1 kB 00:00 ... LoadBalancer/primary_db | 7.4 kB 00:00 ... ResilientStorage | 4.1 kB 00:00 ... ResilientStorage/primary_db | 50 kB 00:00 ... ScalableFileSystem | 4.1 kB 00:00 ... ScalableFileSystem/primary_db | 7.0 kB 00:00 ... Server | 4.1 kB 00:00 ... Server/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00 ... repo id repo name status HighAvailability HighAvailability 55 ISO ISO 3,785 LoadBalancer LoadBalancer 4 ResilientStorage ResilientStorage 62 ScalableFileSystem ScalableFileSystem 7 Server Server 3,785 epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,151 repolist: 19,849 [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# yum list | grep --color vsftp vsftpd.x86_64 2.2.2-12.el6_5.1 ISO [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# yum install vsftpd Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-12.el6_5.1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================================================================ Installing: vsftpd x86_64 2.2.2-12.el6_5.1 ISO 151 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 151 k Installed size: 331 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : vsftpd-2.2.2-12.el6_5.1.x86_64 1/1 HighAvailability/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00 ... ISO/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00 ... LoadBalancer/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00 ... ResilientStorage/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00 ... ScalableFileSystem/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00 ... Server/productid | 1.6 kB 00:00 ... Verifying : vsftpd-2.2.2-12.el6_5.1.x86_64 1/1 Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.2.2-12.el6_5.1 Complete! [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# rpm -qa | grep ftp tftp-server-0.49-7.el6.x86_64 gvfs-obexftp-1.4.3-18.el6.x86_64 vsftpd-2.2.2-12.el6_5.1.x86_64 [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server ~]# rpm -ql vsftpd /etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/rc.d/init.d/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers /etc/vsftpd/user_list /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh /usr/sbin/vsftpd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2 /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/AUDIT /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/BENCHMARKS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/BUGS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/COPYING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/Changelog /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/INTERNET_SITE_NOINETD/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/PER_IP_CONFIG/hosts.allow /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_HOSTS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/README.configuration /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/logins.txt /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.conf /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS/vsftpd.pam /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2 /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/EXAMPLE/VIRTUAL_USERS_2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/FAQ /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/INSTALL /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/README /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/README.security /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/REWARD /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/DESIGN /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/IMPLEMENTATION /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/OVERVIEW /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SECURITY/TRUST /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SIZE /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/SPEED /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/TODO /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/TUNING /usr/share/doc/vsftpd-2.2.2/vsftpd.xinetd /usr/share/man/man5/vsftpd.conf.5.gz /usr/share/man/man8/vsftpd.8.gz /var/ftp /var/ftp/pub [root@cobbler-server ~]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# pwd /etc/vsftpd [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# ls -ltr total 20 -rwxr--r-- 1 root root 338 Jul 29 2014 vsftpd_conf_migrate.sh -rw------- 1 root root 4599 Jul 29 2014 vsftpd.conf -rw------- 1 root root 126 Jul 18 20:51 ftpusers -rw------- 1 root root 362 Jul 18 20:53 user_list [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# grep -C 2 "root" ftpusers # Users that are not allowed to login via ftp #root bin daemon [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# grep -C 2 "root" user_list # Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd/ftpusers # for users that are denied. #root bin daemon [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# service vsftpd status vsftpd is stopped [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# service vsftpd start Starting vsftpd for vsftpd: [ OK ] [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# service vsftpd status vsftpd (pid 3739) is running... [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# netstat -tupln | grep --color ftp tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:21 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3739/vsftpd [root@cobbler-server vsftpd]# |
这样，最基本的FTP服务就配置完了。
Python Client：
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root@philosopher:~# pwd /root root@philosopher:~# ls Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public Templates Videos root@philosopher:~# root@philosopher:~# ftp 192.168.232.142 Connected to 192.168.232.142. 220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2) Name (192.168.232.142:root): root 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> pwd 257 "/root" ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Desktop drwxrwxr-x 9 1000 1000 4096 Mar 05 14:24 Django-1.9.4 -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 7426995 Mar 05 14:26 Django-1.9.4.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Documents drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Downloads drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Pictures drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Public -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 3440640 Mar 08 11:09 Python-3.5.1.tgz drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:32 Videos -rw------- 1 0 0 2942 Mar 08 10:26 anaconda-ks.cfg -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 15710 Mar 08 10:34 cobbler.sh drwxr-xr-x 3 0 0 4096 Mar 08 10:52 git_data -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 52869 Mar 08 10:26 install.log -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 9963 Mar 08 10:24 install.log.syslog -rw-r--r-- 1 0 0 3255 Mar 27 14:16 ntp.sh 226 Directory send OK. ftp> ftp> get Django-1.9.4.tar.gz local: Django-1.9.4.tar.gz remote: Django-1.9.4.tar.gz 200 PORT command successful. Consider using PASV. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for Django-1.9.4.tar.gz (7426995 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. 7426995 bytes received in 0.15 secs (46.2961 MB/s) ftp> ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. root@philosopher:~# root@philosopher:~# ls -ltr total 7288 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Desktop drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Videos drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Templates drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Public drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Pictures drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Music drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:27 Downloads drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul 11 00:53 Documents -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7426995 Jul 18 21:06 Django-1.9.4.tar.gz root@philosopher:~# |
可以看到：FTP服务工作正常，客户端可以从服务端获取文件。
下面，编写Python代码，完成类似的事情。
先查看Python的版本：
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root@philosopher:~# whereis python python: /usr/bin/python2.7-config /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python3.4m /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python3.4 /usr/lib/python3.5 /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/lib/python2.6 /usr/lib/python3.4 /etc/python /etc/python3.5 /etc/python2.7 /etc/python3.4 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/local/lib/python3.4 /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz root@philosopher:~# root@philosopher:~# python -V Python 2.7.11 root@philosopher:~# |
Python Network Programming：
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root@philosopher:~# python Python 2.7.11 (default, Dec 9 2015, 00:29:25) [GCC 5.3.1 20151205] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import socket >>> socket.setdefaulttimeout(2) >>> s = socket.socket() >>> s.connect(("192.168.232.142",21)) >>> ans = s.recv(1024) >>> print ans 220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2) >>> |
这段代码如果加入异常处理，则是下面的形态：
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root@philosopher:/script# pwd /script root@philosopher:/script# ls -ltr * -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 155 Jul 18 21:42 ftp_except.py root@philosopher:/script# root@philosopher:/script# cat ftp_except.py import socket socket.setdefaulttimeout(2) s=socket.socket() try: s.connect(("192.168.232.141",21)) except Exception, e: print "Except is:: "+str(e) root@philosopher:/script# root@philosopher:/script# python ftp_except.py Except is:: timed out root@philosopher:/script# |
添加函数后：
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root@philosopher:/script# cat ftp_function.py import socket def retBanner(ip,port): try: socket.setdefaulttimeout(2) s = socket.socket() s.connect((ip,port)) banner = s.recv(1024) return banner except Exception, e: print "Error:: IP:: " + ip + " on Port:: " + str(port) + " Except:: " + str(e) return def main(): ip1 = "192.168.232.141" ip2 = "192.168.232.142" port = 21 banner1 = retBanner(ip1,port) if banner1: print "A:: " + ip1 + " Banner:: " + banner1 banner2 = retBanner(ip2,port) if banner2: print "B:: " + ip2 + " Banner:: " + banner2 if __name__ == '__main__': main() root@philosopher:/script# root@philosopher:/script# python ftp_function.py Error:: IP:: 192.168.232.141 on Port:: 21 Except:: timed out B:: 192.168.232.142 Banner:: 220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2) root@philosopher:/script# |
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Done。
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