Docker Tutorial
参考：https://www.docker.com/tryit
查看Docker的帮助信息
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[root@docker ~]# docker Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...] -H=[unix:///var/run/docker.sock]: tcp://host:port to bind/connect to or unix://path/to/socket to use A self-sufficient runtime for linux containers. Commands: attach Attach to a running container build Build an image from a Dockerfile commit Create a new image from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem events Get real time events from the server export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive history Show the history of an image images List images import Create a new filesystem image from the contents of a tarball info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on a container kill Kill a running container load Load an image from a tar archive login Register or Login to the docker registry server logs Fetch the logs of a container port Lookup the public-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT pause Pause all processes within a container ps List containers pull Pull an image or a repository from the docker registry server push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server restart Restart a running container rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more images run Run a command in a new container save Save an image to a tar archive search Search for an image in the docker index start Start a stopped container stop Stop a running container tag Tag an image into a repository top Lookup the running processes of a container unpause Unpause a paused container version Show the docker version information wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code [root@docker ~]# |
查看Docker的版本信息
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[root@docker ~]# docker version Client version: 1.0.0 Client API version: 1.12 Go version (client): go1.2.2 Git commit (client): 63fe64c/1.0.0 Server version: 1.0.0 Server API version: 1.12 Go version (server): go1.2.2 Git commit (server): 63fe64c/1.0.0 [root@docker ~]# |
Searching for images
使用这种方式可以非常容易的获得别人制作的容器的Image。
所有的容器的Image都可以在Docker Hub的资源库中找到。
你可以通过网页浏览的方式去查找这些Image信息，也可以通过Docker的命令行方式去查找。
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[root@docker ~]# docker search tutorial NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED learn/tutorial 4 caterpillar/java-tutorial 1 namin/io.livecode.ch interactive programming tutorials, powered... 1 [OK] ryanking/kings-tutorial 0 florentbenoit/docker-angularjs-tutorials 0 [OK] mzdaniel/buildbot-tutorial 0 reproducible/scipy-tutorial-2014 0 jbarbier/tutorial1 0 adamvduke/railstutorial First docker image. Contains a sample rai... 0 sfilipov/rails-tutorial 0 [OK] zqhxuyuan/tutorial 0 sp013719/java-tutorial 0 [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker search oracle NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED wnameless/oracle-xe-11g SYS & SYSTEM password: oracle https://inde... 11 [OK] alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g This is a spin off from wnameless/docker-o... 10 [OK] haroon/docker-oracle-jdk7 Trusted Oracle JDK7 on Ubuntu:12.10 3 [OK] garrettux/oracle-linux-64 Base Oracle Linux 6.4 image 3 democracyworks/oracle-jdk-7 2 [OK] mminke/oracle-java-server-jre A docker image which contains the Oracle J... 2 [OK] maxexcloo/java Clean Debian container with the latest Ora... 2 [OK] kimh/oracledb Oracle XE 11g installed on Ubuntu 13.04. P... 2 relateiq/oracle-java8 2 [OK] orisi/oracle 1 [OK] centminmod/oraclelinux65base Oracle Linux 6.5 base 1.57GB image 1 mhutter/java Oracle JDK 1 [OK] sionsmith/oracle-java8 installs oracle's Java 8 with JAVA_HOME (... 1 [OK] nacyot/java-oracle 1 [OK] digitalwonderland/oracle-jre-8 0 [OK] garage/java7-oracle 0 [OK] akisei/oracle-java7 Install oracle jdk7. 0 [OK] onjin/php-oracle CentOS with php-oracle-http 0 [OK] pjan/oracle-jdk-7 0 [OK] pjan/oracle-jdk-8 0 [OK] apopelo/java-oracle-1.7 Ubuntu 12.04 with Oracle Java 1.7 installed. 0 [OK] ahnick/oracle-jdk7 0 [OK] joaodubas/oracle-jdk 0 [OK] pandeiro/oracle-jdk8 0 [OK] stratice/tomcat7-oracle 0 [OK] makuk66/docker-oracle-java7 0 [OK] hhxiao/oracle-java7 0 [OK] dockeruser/oracle-java7-jdk 0 [OK] ojajoh/docker-python3-oracle-base 0 [OK] mbentley/ubuntu-tomcat7-oracle 0 [OK] yasushiyy/vagrant-docker-oracle12c Oracle Linux 6.5 for Oracle 12c 0 [OK] sirile/oraclejre 0 [OK] elventear/oracle-jdk7 0 [OK] sdorra/oracle-java-8 0 [OK] rafflecopter/oracle-jdk-7 0 [OK] iromli/oracle-jdk 0 [OK] sirile/oraclejdk 0 [OK] skomma/trusty-oraclejdk7 0 [OK] htaox/oracle-java8 Oracle Java 8 with Maven installed 0 aabbcc1241/oracle-linux Based on: garrettux/oracle-linux-64 ... 0 resgain/oracle-xe oracle 11g 0 medined/docker-java-oracle8 0 [OK] cheesang/docker-oracle11xe 0 [OK] quintenk/jdk7-oracle DEPRECATED in favour of quintenk/jdk-oracl... 0 medined/docker-java-oracle7 0 [OK] fitbur/oracle-jdk 0 coaxys/oracle-jdk Container with oracle jdk 1.7.0_45 0 medined/docker-java-oracle6 0 [OK] emikra/oracle-java7 Ubuntu base with Oracle Java JDK 7 installed. 0 danieltribeiro/oracle-jdk Image with ubuntu 14.04 and oracle jdk 0 zhesto/oracle-jdk7 Container with Oracle JDK7 installed. 0 htaox/oracle-java8-hadoop Oracle Java 8 with Maven and Hadoop 1.2.1 0 jhamit/oracle-java-7 Base + oracle-java7 0 netarchivesuite/ubuntu-14.04-oracle-jdk6 Contains a NetarchiveSuite Quickstart syst... 0 andypp/oracle-java 0 souda/oracle-jdk7 0 philippe/jdk7-oracle 0 cleciusjm/oracle-xe-jboss-as7 0 philippe/jdk6-oracle 0 fsamin/docker-oracle-java7 From Ubuntu 12.04 Oracle Java 7 (7u51) wi... 0 bargenson/oracle-linux_5.3 0 meduzz/ubuntu_oracle_java8 Dont forget to specify the tag when you us... 0 [OK] mpereira/oracle-java8 0 pushingice/oracle-java7 0 cuongbui/oracle-jre7 0 hamiltont/oracle-java7 0 pvardanega/oracle-java7 0 barnybug/oracle-java7 0 saltosystems/base-with-oracle-java7 0 kroot/oracle-java7 0 asteris/oracle-java 0 goodguide/oracle-java-7 0 affirm/java8-oracle 0 louislandry/oracle-java7 0 momer/maestro-base-oracle-jdk 0 rml14/jdk7-oracle 0 hyao/oracle-jdk-7 0 srikanthnutigattu/jdk6-oracle 0 goodguide/base-oracle-java-7 0 coaxys/oracle-jdk-7 0 asteris/oracle-java-1.7 0 hanswesterbeek/google-debian-oracle-jdk 0 ontotext/oracle-tomcat-jdk7 0 yasushiyy/oraclelinux65 Oracle Linux 6.5 0 ontotext/oracle-jdk-7 0 khanio/precise-oracle-jdk7 0 simpler/oracle-jdk-6-base 0 betawaffle/oracle-linux-6 0 spmason/wheezy-oracle-java-6 0 remthe/docker-oracle-java 0 simpler/oracle-jdk-7-base 0 kikitux/oracle6 0 ahnick/oracle-jdk-7u45 0 kikitux/oracle5 0 zhaowh/centos-java oracle-jdk-8u5. 474.7 MB 0 [OK] munkyboy/cassandra Ubuntu 12.10 Oracle Java 7 Cassandra 1.2.1... 0 [OK] williamyeh/docker-java7 Oracle Java 7 image for Docker 0 [OK] munkyboy/elasticsearch ubuntu 12.10 oracle java 7 elasticsearch v... 0 [OK] williamyeh/docker-java8 Oracle Java 8 image for Docker 0 [OK] ronaldocwb/oracle-xe-jboss-as-7 0 relateiq/oraclejava7 0 heffer/oracle11g-xe Base image for Oracle 11g XE 0 tifayuki/java base image installed with oracle java 0 [OK] winonone/docker-java Oracle java 7 based on Ubuntu 14.04. 0 [OK] rangalo/java7 Oracle java7 on debian wheezy. 0 [OK] wiredthing/oraclejdk 0 denmat/oracle_base_65 0 kikitux/oracle6-preinstall 0 ozplatform/oraclejdk 0 kikitux/oracle5-preinstall 0 apopelo/solr-3.6.2 Ubuntu 12.04 with Oracle Java 1.7 and Apac... 0 [OK] apopelo/solr-3.6.0 Ubuntu 12.04 with Oracle Java 1.7 and Apac... 0 [OK] daprlabs/archlinux-jdk Oracle JDK on ArchLinux with Yaourt 0 [OK] steve/oraclejdk 0 oracledemo/php5 0 markl/centos-oraclejava7 0 vandekeiser/ubuntu14-oraclejdk7 0 preznik/jdk7-oracle_maven 0 momer/cassandra-oracle-java 0 [OK] griff/oracle-jdk7 Ubuntu Quantal with Oracle JDK 7 installed 0 [OK] hrafique/oracle-jdk7 Trusted Build for Oracle JDK7 0 [OK] turbovote/oracle-jdk-7 0 [OK] komljen/jdk6-oracle 0 [OK] ariya/centos7-oracle-jre7 CentOS 7 with Oracle JRE 1.7 0 [OK] ariya/centos6-oracle-jre7 CentOS 6 with Oracle JRE 1.7 0 [OK] dockeruser/oracle-java7 0 [OK] sherzberg/oracle-java7 Ubuntu 14.04 with oracle jdk 7 0 [OK] turbovote/oracle-java-aws 0 [OK] relateiq/oracle-java7 0 [OK] glerchundi/base-with-oracle-java7 0 [OK] sfeir/oracle-jre7 0 [OK] clifton/oracle-java8 0 [OK] [root@docker ~]# |
找到了中意的容器，那么就需要下载它对应的Image。
比方说，
我需要下载“learn/tutorial”，那么如下操作：
Command is：docker pull learn/tutorial
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[root@docker ~]# docker pull learn/tutorial Pulling repository learn/tutorial 8dbd9e392a96: Download complete [root@docker ~]# |
如果是“centos”，那么如下：
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[root@docker software]# docker pull centos Pulling repository centos cd934e0010d5: Download complete 1a7dc42f78ba: Download complete 511136ea3c5a: Download complete 34e94e67e63a: Download complete [root@docker software]# |
你可以把容器看成一个盒子，这个盒子包含了需要运行某个应用或实现某种功能所需要的相关联（依赖）的全部进程。
所以，这个盒子有自己的：
文件系统
系统类库
SHELL环境
…（等）
但默认情况下，这些进程都是不运行的。
你通过运行某个容器内的进程来“启动”某个容器。
输出一个典型的“Hello world”：
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[root@docker software]# docker run learn/tutorial echo 'Hello world.' Hello world. [root@docker software]# [root@docker software]# docker run centos echo 'Hello world.' Hello world. [root@docker software]# |
给容器安装一些简单的工具：（对容器做出变更）
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[root@docker ~]# docker run learn/tutorial apt-get install -y ping Reading package lists... Building dependency tree... The following NEW packages will be installed: iputils-ping 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 56.1 kB of archives. After this operation, 143 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise/main iputils-ping amd64 3:20101006-1ubuntu1 [56.1 kB] debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed Fetched 56.1 kB in 1s (37.9 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package iputils-ping. (Reading database ... 7545 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking iputils-ping (from .../iputils-ping_3%3a20101006-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb) ... Setting up iputils-ping (3:20101006-1ubuntu1) ... [root@docker ~]# |
保存对容器的变更：
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[root@docker ~]# docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c4faa0478a25 learn/tutorial:latest apt-get install -y p 8 seconds ago Exited (0) 5 seconds ago jolly_mccarthy [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker commit c4faa0478a25 learn/adamhuan-ping 362a0f769068ab13d964c934506bf710e1ecae400c90560886e445d2b53c66d6 [root@docker ~]# |
运行上面先创建的Image：“learn/adamhuan-ping”
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[root@docker ~]# docker run learn/adamhuan-ping ping google.com ^CPING google.com (173.194.127.73) 56(84) bytes of data. --- google.com ping statistics --- 20 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 19014ms [root@docker ~]# |
（这里无法ping通，可能是由于我所在的网络环境禁ping的缘故。）
查看所有正在运行的容器：
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[root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a19f4023bb8c centos:centos7 yum list 25 seconds ago Up 24 seconds hungry_brattain [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker inspect a19f4023bb8c [{ "Args": [ "list" ], "Config": { "AttachStderr": true, "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": true, "Cmd": [ "yum", "list" ], "CpuShares": 0, "Cpuset": "", "Domainname": "", "Entrypoint": null, "Env": [ "HOME=/", "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "ExposedPorts": null, "Hostname": "a19f4023bb8c", "Image": "centos", "Memory": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "NetworkDisabled": false, "OnBuild": null, "OpenStdin": false, "PortSpecs": null, "StdinOnce": false, "Tty": false, "User": "", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "" }, "Created": "2014-07-24T03:39:42.861196253Z", "Driver": "devicemapper", "ExecDriver": "lxc-0.9.0", "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "Dns": null, "DnsSearch": null, "Links": null, "LxcConf": [], "NetworkMode": "bridge", "PortBindings": {}, "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "VolumesFrom": null }, "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a19f4023bb8c87b17392027e9c3c0f5161d0c00fb6c07d74621d00bc0b98f623/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/a19f4023bb8c87b17392027e9c3c0f5161d0c00fb6c07d74621d00bc0b98f623/hosts", "Id": "a19f4023bb8c87b17392027e9c3c0f5161d0c00fb6c07d74621d00bc0b98f623", "Image": "1a7dc42f78ba213ec1ac5cd04930011334536214ad26c8000f1eec72e302c041", "MountLabel": "", "Name": "/hungry_brattain", "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "Gateway": "", "IPAddress": "", "IPPrefixLen": 0, "PortMapping": null, "Ports": null }, "Path": "yum", "ProcessLabel": "", "ResolvConfPath": "/etc/resolv.conf", "State": { "ExitCode": 0, "FinishedAt": "2014-07-24T03:40:55.977118671Z", "Paused": false, "Pid": 0, "Running": false, "StartedAt": "2014-07-24T03:39:43.080796154Z" }, "Volumes": {}, "VolumesRW": {} } ][root@docker ~]# |
你可以通过PUSH，来与他人分享你创建（Build）的Image。
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[root@docker ~]# docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 8719987cd445 centos:centos7 ifconfig 4 minutes ago Exited (127) 4 minutes ago furious_goodall [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# [root@docker ~]# docker commit 8719987cd445 adamhuan/centos-7 0dd32135bd4fd7bbc7390b42abcc4a2ef8dfb61e9d879603062cb272924de3e8 [root@docker ~]# docker push adamhuan/centos-7 The push refers to a repository [adamhuan/centos-7] (len: 1) Sending image list Pushing repository adamhuan/centos-7 (1 tags) 511136ea3c5a: Image already pushed, skipping 34e94e67e63a: Image already pushed, skipping 1a7dc42f78ba: Image already pushed, skipping 0dd32135bd4f: Image successfully pushed Pushing tag for rev [0dd32135bd4f] on {https://registry-1.docker.io/v1/repositories/adamhuan/centos-7/tags/latest} [root@docker ~]# |
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